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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tonem | om tono |
| 2SG: | tonet | ot tono |
| 3SG: | tona | ok/ogeʃ tono |
| 1PL: | tonena | ona/ogəna tono |
| 2PL: | toneda | oda/ogəda tono |
| 3PL: | tonat | ogət tono |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tonəʃəm | ʃəm tono |
| 2SG: | tonəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ tono |
| 3SG: | tonəʃ | əʃ tono |
| 1PL: | tonəʃna | əʃna tono |
| 2PL: | tonəʃda | əʃda tono |
| 3PL: | tonəʃt | əʃt tono |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tonenam | tonen oməl |
| 2SG: | tonenat | tonen otəl |
| 3SG: | tonen | tonen ogəl |
| 1PL: | tonenːa | tonen onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | tonenda | tonen odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | tonenət | tonen ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tonem əʎe | om tono əʎe |
| 2SG: | tonet əʎe | ot tono əʎe |
| 3SG: | tona əʎe | ok/ogeʃ tono əʎe |
| 1PL: | tonena əʎe | ona/ogəna tono əʎe |
| 2PL: | toneda əʎe | oda/ogəda tono əʎe |
| 3PL: | tonat əʎe | ogət tono əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tonem ulmaʃ | om tono ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | tonet ulmaʃ | ot tono ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | tona ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ tono ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | tonena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna tono ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | toneda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda tono ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | tonat ulmaʃ | ogət tono ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tonenam əʎe | tonen oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | tonenat əʎe | tonen otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | tonen əʎe | tonen ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | tonenːa əʎe | tonen onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | tonenda əʎe | tonen odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | tonen əʎe | tonen ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tonenam ulmaʃ | tonen oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | tonenat ulmaʃ | tonen otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | tonen ulmaʃ | tonen ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | tonenːa ulmaʃ | tonen onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | tonenda ulmaʃ | tonen odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | tonen ulmaʃ | tonen ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | tono | it tono |
| 3SG: | tonəʒo | ənʒe tono |
| 1PL: | (tonena) | (ona/ogəna tono) |
| 2PL: | tonəza | ida tono |
| 3PL: | tonəʃt | ənəʃt tono |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tonənem | ənem tono |
| 2SG: | tonənet | ənet tono |
| 3SG: | tonəneʒe | əneʒ tono |
| 1PL: | tonənena | ənena tono |
| 2PL: | tonəneda | əneda tono |
| 3PL: | tonəneʃt | əneʃt tono |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tonənem əʎe | ənem tono əʎe |
| 2SG: | tonənena əʎe | ənet tono əʎe |
| 3SG: | tonəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ tono əʎe |
| 1PL: | tonənena əʎe | ənena tono əʎe |
| 2PL: | tonəneda əʎe | əneda tono əʎe |
| 3PL: | tonəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt tono əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | tonənet ulmaʃ | ənet tono ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | tonəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ tono ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | tonəneda ulmaʃ | əneda tono ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | tonəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt tono ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | tonaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | tonəman |
| Active participle: | tonəʃo |
| Passive participle: | tonəmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | tonəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | tonədəmo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | tonen |
| Negative gerund: | tonəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | tonəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | tonəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | tonəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | tonəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | tonədəmaʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||